Emotional Intelligence is relatable to ‘uncertainty avoidance’

UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the score on Uncertainty Avoidance.

🔴”THE HINDU-ARABIC NUMERAL SYSTEM”

The Hindu-Arabic Numeral System is a positional decimal numeral system, and is the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world.

Perso-Arabic mathematicians called them “Hindu numerals” (where “Hindu” meant Indian), as they originated from India. Later they came to be called “Arabic numerals” in Europe because they were introduced to the West by Arab merchants.

It was invented between the 1st and 4th centuries CE by Indian mathematicians. The system was adopted in Arabic mathematics by the 9th century. This numeral system was derived from the much more earlier “Brahmi” numeral system. The development of the positional decimal system takes its origins in Hindu mathematics during the Gupta period. Around 500 CE, the astronomer Aryabhata uses the word “kha” (emptiness) to mark “zero” in tabular arrangements of digits. The 7th century “Brahmasphuta Siddhanta” (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma) by Brahmagupta contains a comparatively advanced understanding of the mathematical role of zero.

The numeral system came to be known to both the Persian mathematician Khwarizmi, who wrote a book, “On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals” around 825 CE, and the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi, who wrote a book, “On the Use of the Hindu Numerals” (kitāb fī isti’māl al-‘adād al-hindī) around 830 CE. Persian scientist Kushyar Gilani who wrote “Principles of Hindu Reckoning” (Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind) by 10th century CE is one of the oldest surviving manuscripts using the Hindu numerals. These books are principally responsible for the diffusion of the Hindu system of numeration throughout the Perso-Arabic world and ultimately also to Europe.

Renaissance scholar Leonardo Fibonacci brought this system to Europe. His book “Liber Abaci” (The Book of Calculation) written in 1202 CE, introduced Arabic numerals, the use of zero, and the decimal place system to the Latin world. The numeral system came to be called “Arabic” by the Europeans. It was used in European mathematics from the 12th century, and entered common use from the 15th century to replace Roman numerals, since it was relatively easy to write & calculate. Also, Roman numerals lacked the concept of zero & negative numbers, which were big hindrances to any kind of large level calculations.

The number symbols most commonly used world wide now is derived from “Western” Hindu-Arabic numerals, while Arab nations use “Eastern” Hindu-Arabic numerals.

AncientIndia

IndianScience

Eco-Sensitive Zones

• Eco-Sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas are areas within 10 kms Protected Areas around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.

• ESZs are notified by MoEFCC, Government of India under Environment Protection Act 1986.

• In case of places with sensitive corridors, connectivity and ecologically important patches, crucial for landscape linkage, even area beyond 10 km width can also be included in the eco-sensitive zone.

• The basic aim is to regulate certain activities around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries so as to minimise the negative impacts of such activities on the fragile ecosystem encompassing the protected areas.

Zeolite

• Atmospheric air contains 78 % nitrogen and about 20 % oxygen and zeolites adsorb or traps nitrogen onto its surface.

• Zeolite or molecular sieve are microporous crystalline solid of aluminium silicate.

• Zeolite is used in the Medical Oxygen Plant (MOP) technology, developed by DRDO for on‐board oxygen generation on aircraft like Tejas.

• The technology will now be used to generate oxygen for medical purposes to battle the current oxygen shortage brought on by the Covid second wave.

• The technology will be especially useful in urban, remote and rural settings with on-site generation of medical oxygen in a cost-effective manner.

• Hospitals will be able to generate on site medical oxygen, in a cost-effective manner with this oxygen plant rather than depending upon sourcing it from other places.

Nagara style Temple

🔆Nagara style Temple

✅North india – panchayatan style.
✅River ganga yamumna image as goddesses.
✅Shikhara

🔆sub school of nagara style :

✅1)oddisha school – kornak temple, lingaraja
temple bhuvneshwar

✅2)khajuraho school – chandel rulers cental
india, kandariya mahadev temple, lakshman temple at khajuraho.

✅3)solanki school – modhera sun temple gujarat.

KAILASANATHAR TEMPLE, KANCHIPURAM

-The Kailasanathar Shiva Temple in Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu, India) is one of the oldest temples in India, & also the oldest remaining structure in Kanchipuram.

-It was built by Narasimha varman II (695-722 CE), also known as Rajasimha Pallava of Pallava dynasty. Kanchipuram was their capital city.

-He is also credited with building other temples such as Shore Temple, Isvara temple & Mukunda temple in Mahabalipuram, ancient port city of Pallavas.

-Kailasanathar Temple is famous for its carving & sculptures depicting Puranic legends. The Temple later became a model for other temple structures in southern India.

-Currently it is under the management of Archeological Survey of India (ASI), though regular prayers & worship is conducted inside the temple.

Rahn Curve :-

It displays the relationship between government spending and GDP growth rate.
It is an inverted U-shape.
It suggests that there is a level of government spending that maximises economic growth.
Initially, the govt spending helps to increase the economic performance, but after exceeding a certain amount of govt spending, govt.taxes and intervention decreases the Economic growth. (That’s why the curve is inverted U-shape)
Empirical studies suggest that the optimum level of govt spending for economic growth is 15-20% of GDP.

Note — The above Statements are in particular to the Rahn Curve. ( should not be taken as ‘extreme’ sentences if asked in prelims, because there are different factors affecting a country’s economic growth and low spending doesn’t “necessarily” leads to high economic growth ).

INS Rajput

INS Rajput, the lead ship of the Kashin-class destroyers and the first destroyer of Indian navy
, will be decommissioned Today .

The ship has rendered yeoman service to the Indian Navy for over 41 years

INS Rajput was constructed in the 61 Communards Shipyard in Nikolaev (present-day Ukraine) under her original Russian name ‘Nadezhny’ meaning ‘Hope’.

The ship has participated in several operations aimed at keeping the nation secure. Some of these include Operation Aman off Sri Lanka to assist IPKF, Operation Pawan for patrolling duties off the coast of Sri Lanka, Operation Cactus to resolve hostage situation off the Maldives, and Operation Crowsnest off Lakshadweep. In addition, the ship participated in numerous bilateral and multi-national exercises.

The ship was also the first Indian Naval Ship to be affiliated with an Indian Army regiment – the Rajput Regiment.

megadiverse

India is one of the 17 “megadiverse” countries and is composed of a diversity of ecological
habitats like forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems, and desert ecosystems.
Almost 70% of the country has been surveyed and around 45,000 plant species (including fungi
and lower plants) and 89,492 animal species have been described, including 59,353 insect
species, 2,546 fish species, 240 amphibian species, 460 reptile species, 1,232 bird species and
397 mammal species

Scientists at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) at Palode here encountered the new species in the Akkamalai forest

Scientists at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) at Palode here encountered the new species in the Akkamalai forest within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu recently. They have named it Ardisia ramaswamii after M.S. Ramaswami, who, with C.C. Calder and V. Narayanaswami, listed species not mentioned in J.D. Hooker’s Flora of British India.

Ardisia ramaswamii (family Primulaceae) is a small tree which grows to a height of about six metres.